\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 C. Nobili, Bergamo,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ABSTRACT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
War is not the concern of women. With these words, Hector reproaches Andromache for attempting to give him military advice (Il<\/em>. 6.492-493), and with these words begins a literary and cultural tradition that\u2014from Homer to tragedy\u2014sees the feminine perspective as an antithesis to war. Sappho, in fragment 16 V., declares that she prefers the \u201cbeloved one\u201d to any kind of military endeavor, inaugurating a feminine poetics that avoids the themes of its male counterpart. Women, tormented and torn apart by the loss of sons and husbands, often become champions of peace: in funeral laments, they express all their anger and disillusionment toward a heroic society that makes war the primary form of individual affirmation. And yet, it is often women\u2014frequently the only survivors and witnesses of wartime massacres\u2014who are tasked with recounting the war. In doing so, they become narrators of horror and devastation, fulfilling a role as keepers of historical memory and serving as forerunners of modern war reporters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u039f \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 <\/em>\u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/em> \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd<\/em>\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd<\/em>. \u039c\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bf \u0388\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03c1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c4\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac (\u0399\u03bb<\/em>. 6.492-493), \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u2014\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u038c\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u2014\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf. \u0397 \u03a3\u03b1\u03c0\u03c6\u03ce, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 16 V., \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u00ab\u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c0\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u00bb \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03cd\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2: \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2\u2014\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u2014\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03c9\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf. \u039a\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0392\u0399\u039f\u0393\u03a1\u0391\u03a6\u0399\u039a\u039f \u039f\u039c\u0399\u039b\u0397\u03a4\u03a1\u0399\u0391\u03a3<\/p>\n\n\n\n H CN \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd. \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Bergamo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd. \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 post doc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf King\u2019s college London.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0397 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, 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\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 C. Nobili, Bergamo, ABSTRACT War is not the concern of women. With these words, Hector reproaches Andromache for attempting to give him military advice (Il. 6.492-493), and with these words begins a literary and cultural tradition that\u2014from Homer to tragedy\u2014sees the feminine perspective as an antithesis to war. 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