{"id":164,"date":"2025-03-20T07:31:25","date_gmt":"2025-03-20T07:31:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wopolis.hs.duth.gr\/?p=164"},"modified":"2025-03-26T13:12:36","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T13:12:36","slug":"%cf%80%ce%b5%cf%81%ce%b9%ce%bb%ce%b7%cf%88%ce%b7-%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%82-3%ce%b7%cf%82-%ce%bf%ce%bc%ce%b9%ce%bb%ce%af%ce%b1%cf%82-silvia-barbantani-27-3-2025-7-%ce%bc-%ce%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wopolis.hs.duth.gr\/?p=164","title":{"rendered":"\u03a0\u0395\u03a1\u0399\u039b\u0397\u03a8\u0397 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 Silvia Barbantani, 27.3.2025 , 7 \u03bc.\u03bc."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>TIT\u039b\u039f\u03a3: <strong>Hellenistic military epitaphs, between tradition and innovation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9  \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c. \u0391\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2). \u0394\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03ce\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b7 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u0390\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u038c\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf. \u0397 \u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03af\u03b3\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf, \u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TO \u03a5\u039b\u0399\u039a\u039f \u03a4\u0397\u03a3 \u039f\u039c\u0399\u039b\u0399\u0391\u03a3 (handout)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Silvia Barbantani, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del S.Cuore (silvia.barbantani@unicatt.it)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Hellenistic military epitaphs, between tradition and innovation<\/em><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Introduction. Archaic and classical values: glory in war deeds.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Eternal fame after death in Homer<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>\u1f04<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>and burial<\/u><\/strong>: <em>Od. <\/em>4,584: \u03c7\u03b5\u1fe6\u2019 \u1f08\u03b3\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f35\u03bd\u2019 \u1f04\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f34\u03b7; <em>Od.<\/em> 24.80-84: \u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u2019\u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b4\u2019\u1f14\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03bc\u03cd\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bd\/ \u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u1f08\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u1f31\u03b5\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f30\u03c7\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac\u03c9\u03bd\/ \u1f00\u03ba\u03c4\u1fc7 \u1f14\u03c0\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u1f50\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u1fc3, \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6 \u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u1ff3, \/ \u1f65\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u1f74\u03c2 \u1f10\u03ba \u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03b5\u1f34\u03b7\/ \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c3\u2019, \u03bf\u1f33 \u03bd\u1fe6\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f33 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u1f14\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9; <em>Il.<\/em> 16.456-7: \u1f14\u03bd\u03b8\u03ac \u1f11 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03b5 \u1f14\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\/ \u03c4\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u1ff3 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bb\u1fc3 \u03c4\u03b5\u00b7 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b3\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u1f76 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>\u1f10<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>:<\/u><\/strong> <em>Il.<\/em> 6.357-9: \u03bf\u1f37\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u0396\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b8\u1fc6\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u1f78\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f61\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f40\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03c9 \/ \u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u2019\u1f00\u03bf\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9; <em>Il.<\/em>&nbsp;22.305-6: \u03bc\u1f74 \u03bc\u1f70\u03bd \u1f00\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03af \u03b3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u1ff6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd,\/ \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1 \u1fe5\u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9; <em>Od.<\/em><strong> <\/strong>24.93-4<strong>:<\/strong> \u1f63\u03c2 \u03c3\u1f7a \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u1f7c\u03bd \u1f44\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u2019 \u1f64\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f30\u03b5\u1f76 \/ \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u2019 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03bb\u03cc\u03bd, \u1f08\u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u1fe6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Eternal fame in Tyrtaeus and Simonides.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Tyrt. fr. 12,23-37 W.<\/strong> \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u1f7c\u03bd \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u1f64\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd,<br><a href=\"http:\/\/0-stephanus.tlg.uci.edu.sbda-opac.unicatt.it\/help\/BetaManual\/online\/AT.html\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a>\u1f04\u03c3\u03c4\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u2019 <strong><u>\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f50<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u0390\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>,<br>\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f40\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;25<br><a href=\"http:\/\/0-stephanus.tlg.uci.edu.sbda-opac.unicatt.it\/help\/BetaManual\/online\/AT.html\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a>\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03b8\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u1f10\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2.<br>\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b4\u2019 \u1f40\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u1f41\u03bc\u1ff6\u03c2 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f20\u03b4\u1f72 \u03b3\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2,<br><a href=\"http:\/\/0-stephanus.tlg.uci.edu.sbda-opac.unicatt.it\/help\/BetaManual\/online\/AT.html\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a>\u1f00\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03c9\u03b9 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ad\u03ba\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2,<br>\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9<br><a href=\"http:\/\/0-stephanus.tlg.uci.edu.sbda-opac.unicatt.it\/help\/BetaManual\/online\/AT.html\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a>\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 30<br><strong><u>\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f50<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4\u03ad<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f10<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3\u03b8\u03bb<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f78<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f50<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u2019 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f44<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u2019 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f50<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fe6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>,<br><\/u><\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/0-stephanus.tlg.uci.edu.sbda-opac.unicatt.it\/help\/BetaManual\/online\/AT.html\"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/a><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bb\u03bb<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u2019 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f51<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f78<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b3<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fc6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f10\u1f7c<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>,<br>\u1f45\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u2019 \u1f00\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5<br><a href=\"http:\/\/0-stephanus.tlg.uci.edu.sbda-opac.unicatt.it\/help\/BetaManual\/online\/AT.html\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a>\u03b3\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f0c\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f40\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03b9.<br>\u03b5\u1f30 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b7\u03b9 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03ba\u1fc6\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;35<br><a href=\"http:\/\/0-stephanus.tlg.uci.edu.sbda-opac.unicatt.it\/help\/BetaManual\/online\/AT.html\"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/a><strong><u>\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u2019 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b1\u1f30\u03c7\u03bc\u1fc6\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00\u03b3\u03bb\u03b1\u1f78\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b5\u1f56\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f15\u03bb\u03b7\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>,<br><\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u1ff6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>, <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f41\u03bc\u1ff6\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f20\u03b4\u1f72<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf<\/u><\/strong>\u03af,<\/td><td><em>moreover he that falleth in the van and loseth dear life <u>to the glory of his city and his countrymen and his father<\/u>, with many a frontwise wound through breast and breastplate and through bossy shield, he is bewailed alike by young and old, and lamented with sore regret by all the city. His grave and his children are conspicuous among men, and his children&#8217;s and his line after them; <u>nor ever doth his name and good fame perish, but though he be underground he liveth evermore<\/u>, seeing that he was doing nobly and abiding in the fight <u>for country&#8217;s and children&#8217;s sake<\/u> when fierce Ares brought him low<\/em><em>. <\/em>(Transl. J.M. Edmonds)<\/td><td><strong>[Simonid.] <em>A.P<\/em>. 7.251 (for the fallen at Plataea)<\/strong> <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong> \u1f0c\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f35\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u1fc3 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03ba\u03c5\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u03b5\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2\u00b7<br>\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c6\u2019\u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1f74 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5<br><a href=\"http:\/\/0-stephanus.tlg.uci.edu.sbda-opac.unicatt.it\/help\/BetaManual\/online\/AT.html\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a> \u03ba\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u2019 \u1f00\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03be \u1f08\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c9. &nbsp; Giving their dear homeland an unquenchable glory, these men shrouded themselves in the black cloud of death. And yet, though they died they are not dead, for the bravery that won them glory in the world above leads them up out of Hades. (Transl. D. Sider)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Simonides as the \u00ab\u00a0new Homer\u00a0\u00bb for the \u00ab\u00a0new heroes\u00a0\u00bb of the Persian Wars<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong><u>Simonid. <em>Elegy for Plataea<\/em> fr. 11,13-21 West<sup>2<\/sup><\/u><\/strong>&nbsp; \u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9]\u03bd \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bf\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd [\u03bf\u1f34\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4&#8217; \u1f35]\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ]\u03c9\u03c9\u03bd \u1f01\u03b3\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u0394\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bf\u03af <strong><u>\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f37<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f10<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>&#8216; <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b8<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ac<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>]<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ad<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c7\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03bb<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ad<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>[<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4\u03c1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f78<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>] <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f15<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9<\/u><\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;15 <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <u>\u1f45<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>&#8216; i<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bf\u03c0<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>]<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ac<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ad<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03be\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03a0\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03af<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>[<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u03c0<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fb6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bb\u03b7<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>]<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b8\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03af<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b7\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f76<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f10<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ce<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f41<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>[<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ad<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>]<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><u>\u03c0\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03af<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b7\u03c3<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>&#8216; <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f21<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc]\u03b9\u03b8<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ad<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c9\u03bd <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f60<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03cd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ae<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>[\u03bd.<\/u><\/strong> \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03c3\u1f7a \u03bc\u1f72]\u03bd \u03bd\u1fe6\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c1\u03b5, \u03b8\u03b5\u1fb6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03c5[\u03b4\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u1f31\u03ad &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03bd]\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2\u00b7 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f10\u03b3\u03ce[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;20 \u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03c9] \u03c3\u1fbd \u1f10\u03c0\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03bc\u03bf\u03af, \u03c0[\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03ce\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc]\u03b5 \u039c\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b1, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03b5\u1f34 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03b3\u1fbd \u1f00\u03bd]\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u1f50\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9[\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b1\u03b9\u00b7 \u1f14\u03bd\u03c4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf]\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b4[\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb]\u03af\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba[\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03bf]\u03b9\u03b4\u1fc6\u03c2 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u1f21\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4]\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2, <strong><u>\u1f35<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 [\u03bc\u03bd\u03ae]\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f55<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>[\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f56<\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1ff6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>]\u03bd, <\/u><\/strong>\u03bf\u1f35 \u03a3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4[\u03b7\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u1f26\u03bc]\u03b1\u03c1&nbsp; &nbsp;25 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u1f14\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd] \u1f00\u03bc\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc[\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u1fbd \u1f30\u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1]\u1ff6[\u03c2<\/td><td>[And so] the valiant Danaans, [best of warr]iors, sacked the much-sung-of city, and came [home;] <strong><u>[<\/u><\/strong>and they] are bathed in fame that cannot die, by grace [of one who from the dark-]tressed Muses had the tru[th entire,] and made the heroes\u2019 short-lived race a theme familiar to younger men. <em>But<\/em>] <em>now farewell, [thou son] of goddess glorious<\/em>, [daughter] of Nereus of the sea, while I [now summon] thee, i[llustriou]s Muse, to my support, [if thou hast any thought] for men who pray: [fit ou]t, as is thy wont, this [grat]eful song-a[rray] [of mi]ne, so that rem[embrance is preserved<strong>]<\/strong> of those who held the line for Spart[a and for Greece,] [that none should see] the da[y of slavery.] (Transl. M.West)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><u>Simonid. fr. 531 <em>PMG<\/em><\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong> \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u0398\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \/<strong><u>\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f50<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f74<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong> \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u1f01 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b1, <strong><u>\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f78<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong> \u03b4\u2019 \u1f41 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2,\/ \u03b2\u03c9\u03bc\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f41 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78 \u03b3\u03cc\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 <strong><u>\u03bc\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fb6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>, \u1f41 \u03b4\u2019 \u03bf\u1f36\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 <strong><u>\u1f14<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>\u00b7\/ \u1f10\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f54\u03c4\u2019 <strong><u>\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f50<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f7c<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong> \/ <strong><u>\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f54<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b8<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u2019 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f41<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>&nbsp; <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5\/ \u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f45\u03b4\u03b5 <strong><u>\u03c3\u03b7\u03ba<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f78<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong>\u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd <strong><u>\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f50<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03af\u03b1\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\/<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f19<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong> \u03b5\u1f35\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u00b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039b\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, \/ \u03a3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2, <strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fb6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd<\/u><\/strong> \u03bb\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u1f7c\u03c2 \/<strong><u>\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03cc\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>.<\/td><td>The dead at Thermopylae<em>: <\/em><em><u>glorious is their fortune<\/u><\/em>, fair<em>their fate<\/em><em>, <\/em><em>their tomb<\/em><em> <\/em>an altar, instead of laments <em>fame<\/em><em>,<\/em> <em>their<\/em> pity acclaim. Such a shroud mould and time which conquer all will not obliterate. This burial place of good men choose for its dweller the glory of Greece. Leonidas himself testifies to this, king of Sparta, who left a great ornament of courage and eternal glory (Transl. A.D. Morrison)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D) Simonides: <\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 threatened by Persians vs. \u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> of Greece<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong><em>A.P.<\/em><\/strong><strong> 6.50<\/strong>: \u03a4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u2019<strong><u>\u1f1d\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/u><\/strong> \u1fe5\u03ce\u03bc\u1fc3 \u03c7\u03b5\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c1\u03b3\u1ff3 \u1f0c\u03c1\u03b7\u03bf\u03c2,\/&nbsp;\u03b5\u1f50\u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03bc\u1ff3 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b8\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9,\/ <strong><u>\u03a0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>, <strong><u>\u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd<\/u><\/strong> \/&nbsp;&nbsp;\u1f31\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf \u0394\u03b9\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c9\u03bc\u1f78\u03bd \u1f18\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/td><td>The Greeks once, with the strength of Victory and the action of Ares, trusting in the daring will of their soul, after driving out the Persians, set up this as an altar of Zeus Eleutherios, for all of free <em>(eleutheria) <\/em>Greece in common.(D. Sider, adapted)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>A.P.<\/em><\/strong><strong> 6.250<\/strong>: \u1f08\u03ba\u03bc\u1fb6\u03c2 \u1f11\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u1fd6\u03b1\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03be\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6 <strong><u>\u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1<\/u><\/strong> \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\/ <strong>\u03c4<u>\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f51\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1 \u1fe5\u03c5\u03c3\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \/[\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>\u00b7 \u03a0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c6\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \/\u1f25\u03c8\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u1f00\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03b7\u03c2. \/\u1f40\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f27\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03a3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03c2\u00b7 <strong><u>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u1f76\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u039a\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;5\/&nbsp;\u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u2019\u03b5\u1f50\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b7\u03c2 <strong>\u03bc\u03bd\u1fc6\u03bc\u2019<\/strong>\u1f10\u03c0\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5].<\/td><td>We lie here, having at the cost of our lives saved all of Greece from slavery when it stood on the razor&#8217;s edge. We imposed every possible anguish in the Persians&#8217; minds, as reminders of a painful sea-battle. Salamis holds our bones; our homeland Corinth erected this memorial for the good that we did. (D. Sider)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>A.P.<\/em><\/strong><strong>7.253<\/strong>:\u0395\u1f30 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u1ff6\u03c2 \u03b8\u03bd\u1fc4\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u1f76 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd,\/ \u1f21\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u2019\u1f00\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b7\u00b7\/ <strong><u>\u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b7\u03bd<\/u><\/strong> \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \/\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u2019\u1f00\u03b3\u03b7\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u1ff3 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f50\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u1fc3.<\/td><td>If to die nobly is the greatest part of valor, this is what Fortune allotted to us out of all men. For because of our zeal to crown Greece with freedom, we lie here enjoying praise that will never grow old.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>A.P. <\/em><\/strong><strong>7.257<\/strong>: \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \/\u1f24\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u1f00\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03b7\u03bd <strong><u>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd.<\/u><\/strong><\/td><td>When the sons of the Athenians destroyed the army of the Persians they kept harsh slavery away from their fatherland.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>A.P.<\/em><\/strong><strong> 7.512<\/strong>: \u03a4\u1ff6\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u2019 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03c7 \u1f35\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u1f78\u03c2\/ \u03b1\u1f30\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f50\u03c1\u03c5\u03c7\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2,\/<strong><u>\u03bf\u1f33 \u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u1fb3 \u03c4\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u1fd6\u03b1\u03bd\/\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u1f76 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd, \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1f76 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd<\/u>\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd.<\/strong><\/td><td>Thanks to these men&#8217;s bravery,smoke from a burning prosperous Tegea did not reach the sky, they who wished to leave the city flourishing in freedom for their children, themselves willing to die on the front lines.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Military glory and fame in the Hellenistic period: epitaphs for citizens of the <em>poleis<\/em>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The fallen soldiers gain immortal glory and are honored by their city<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"4\"><strong><\/strong><strong>Teleutia: Atrax, Thessalia, ca. 350-300 BC; W. Peek, <em>&nbsp;ZPE<\/em> 14 (1974) 26, III; <em>SEG<\/em> 25.668.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>vv. 1-2: <strong><u>\u03c3\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b1<\/u><\/strong> \u03a4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b8\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u1f76 &nbsp; \u03c3\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b8\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03b9 <strong><u>\u03bc\u03bd\u1fc6\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u2019 \u1f00\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd<\/u><\/strong>\u00b7 <strong>[\u2026]<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\">As a memory of your valor, Teleutia, here the members of the garrison\/ erected to you, deceased, this immortal monument of remembrance.\/[\u2026]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong> <strong><\/strong><strong>Neon<\/strong><strong>: Oreos\/Histiaia, Euboea; 3<sup>rd<\/sup> BC; <em>GVI <\/em>1504.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">&nbsp; \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u1f14\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03ad\u03ca\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u1f00\u03ba\u03bc\u1fc7 &nbsp;&nbsp; \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u1f44\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u039d\u03ad&lt;\u03c9&gt;\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd, \u1f25\u03b2\u1fc3 \u03b4\u2019 \u03b1\u1f50\u03be\u03b7\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 <strong><u>\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong> \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u1fb3,&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u1f10\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03b4\u0323&lt;\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2&gt; \u1f45&lt;\u03c4\u2019&gt; \u1f0c\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9, \u1f31\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf&lt;\u1fe6&gt;\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u00b7 <strong><u>\u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1fc7 <\/u><\/strong>\u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f10\u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u1ff6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9&nbsp; 5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><u>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\u00b7 \u03bc\u03bd\u1fc6\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c3\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><\/strong> <strong><u>\u03c3\u03c4[\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b5] \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u1f74\u03c1 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf[\u03ba]&lt;\u03bb&gt;\u1fc6\u03c2, \u1f00\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3[\u03b9] \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u1f25\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03b3\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b8\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd<\/u><\/strong>.<strong><u><\/u><\/strong><\/td><td>Praise gave you plenty of fame in the bloom of youth\/ when you were still a child, Neon, for the grace of your manners; \/when you grew up as a young man in the respect of the laws of the fore-fathers,\/in the clash when Ares gathers the adversaries\/ you fought on horseback: with your valor you dared to crown \/ your homeland and your ancestors. Memory of your valor\/ built your father Theokles; with eternal eulogies\/this city adorned (you) even dead below ground.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong> <strong><\/strong><strong>Nikasichoros: Opous, Locris, after 229 BC; Posid. <em>Dubia<\/em> Fern\u00e1ndez-Galiano nr. 33; <em>IG<\/em> IX,1 270<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03ae\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u1f37\u03b1 \u03c3\u1f7a\u03bd \u1f35\u03c0\u03c0\u1ff3 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03b4\u03ad\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03bf, \u0392\u03bf\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u1f78\u03bd \u1f00\u03b5\u03b8\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd\u00b7 \u03b4\u1f76\u03c2 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f10\u03bd\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f01\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u1f70\u03bd \u1f00\u03c3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><u>\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u1f00\u03c1\u03bd\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>, 5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 <strong><u>\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f31\u03c0\u03c0\u03ae\u03c9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong>\u00b7 \u1f48\u03c0\u03cc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 <strong><u>\u03c7\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u1fb6\u03b9<\/u><\/strong> \u03b8\u1fc6\u03ba\u03b5 \u1f40\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd. \u1f10\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u2019 \u1f00\u03c1\u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f14\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u1f00\u03c3\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b5\u1f50\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u00b7 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 <strong><u>\u1f00\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd<\/u><\/strong> \u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c7\u03cc\u03c1\u1ff3 <strong><u>\u03ba\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong> \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, 10&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<strong><u>\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f01\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1<\/u><\/strong>.<strong><\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\">Watch the son of the noble Polykritos, mounted on horseback, leader of the victorious Boeotians;\/ twice in war he guided them, preserving, far away, the unshaken victory inherited from his fathers, \/ and a third time as a commander of cavalry. Often he made this city, Opous, more renowned with the work of his hand and of his mind.\/ In all his appointments he was never bridled by the greed of money, for his fellow citizens laid the foundations of Good Government.\/Therefore the glory of Nikasichoros will be eternal, since loyalty is the purest leader of all.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><strong>2.2. The glory \u00ab&nbsp;sung&nbsp;\u00bb by poets and stones.<\/strong><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>A) Anyte, <em>A.P.<\/em> 7.724,3-4<\/strong>: \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f55\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd <strong><u>\u1f14<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>&nbsp; <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9<\/u><\/strong>,\/\u1f61\u03c2 \u1f14\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/td><td>[\u2026] But the stone above you sings this beautiful verse, how you died fighting for your beloved country.<strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong> <strong>B) Thrasymachos: Knossos, 2<sup>nd<\/sup> BC&nbsp;; <em>GVI<\/em> 1513 = <em>IC<\/em> I viii 33<\/strong><em><\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u1f7c\u03bd <strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fb6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f44<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u2019<\/u><\/strong> \u1f64\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 <strong><u>\u03c6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ac<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <u>\u03ba\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03af<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u2019 <\/u><\/strong>\u1f00\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03be \u1f08\u0390\u03b4\u03b1, \u0398\u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u00b7 <strong><u>\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f72<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f72<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f76<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f40<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c8\u03b9\u03b3<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03cc<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03af<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong> &nbsp;&nbsp; \u03bc\u03bd\u03c9\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b8\u03bf\u03cd[\u03c1\u03b9\u03b4]\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f31\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u1f18\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u1f45\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u2019 \u1f20[\u03bd\u03b5]\u03bc\u03cc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f18\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03bf\u1f50\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u1f78\u03bd \u1f31\u03c0\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1fe5\u03ae\u03be\u03b1\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4&lt;\u03bf&gt;\u03c2, \u1f04\u03be\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03bf \u039b\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u1f04\u03be\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bd &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u1f14\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd. [\u2026]<strong><\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\">You have not lost the glory of your valor, not even after your death, but the fame which honors you brings you up from Hades\u2019 chambers, Thrasymachos. Someone of the later generations will sing about you, recalling that impetuous chivalry, when near windy Elaion you, alone among the Cretans, broke a squadron during the battle of the cavalry, in your effort to accomplish deeds&nbsp;worthy of your father Leontios, and of your brave, much extolled ancestors. [\u2026] (Transl. A.Chaniotis, adapted)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.3 Tyrtaic allusions and references.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"3\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong> <strong>A) Timokritos: Thyrreion, Akarnania, 3<sup>rd<\/sup> BC., <em>GVI <\/em>749; Posid. <em>Dubia<\/em> Fernanadez-Galiano nr. 32<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong><u>&nbsp;<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u03c4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f78<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u039c\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03cd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>, <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f66<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03be\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fd6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>, <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ad<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd<\/u><\/strong> \u1f10\u03bd\u03b8\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03a4\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3 \u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03c0\u03c9\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c2\u00b7 \u0391\u1f30\u03c4\u03c9\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f55\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03bb\u03b8\u1f7c\u03bd &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u1f61\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f22 \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u1fb6\u03bd \u1f24\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5 \u1f22 \u03c4\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9. \u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u2019 <strong><u>\u1f10<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ac<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9<\/u><\/strong> \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u1f7c\u03bc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u1f04\u03bb\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2,&nbsp;&nbsp; 5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f00\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u00b7 <strong><u>\u03a4\u03c5\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03af<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bf\u03c5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f72<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u039b<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ac<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f10<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f76<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3\u03c4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ad<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ac<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><u>\u1fe5\u1fc6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f70<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f70<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f35<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03c1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03cc<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03af<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bf\u03c5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>.<\/u><\/strong><\/td><td>&nbsp; Stranger, here the dust conceals in its bosom Timokritos, honored by the Muses.\/ When he went to war against the sons of the Aetolians to defend his homeland, the brave chose to win or to die.\/ He falls in the first ranks leaving infinite grief to his father, but he did not keep secret his excellent education;\/ holding in his heart the Spartan saying of Tyrtaeus, he preferred valor to life. &nbsp; <strong><u>Cf. Tyrt. fr 10,13-14 West<\/u><\/strong><strong>: <\/strong>\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u1ff7 \u03b3\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd\/ \u03b8\u03bd\u1fc4\u03c3\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">&nbsp; B) Meletus of Messene: Priene, 3<sup>rd<\/sup> BC, <em>SGO<\/em> I 03\/01\/05<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;[&#8216;Antim\u008bxou m&#8217; \u00a4sayre]\u00ddw Mess\u00aenion \u00f6nta M\u00a1lhton, &nbsp;[poll\u008bkiw <strong><u>e\u00dew d\u00b0rin<\/u><\/strong>] <strong><u>dor\u008btvn<\/u><\/strong><strong> <\/strong>\u00a4ly\u00f1nta s\u00e7n \u00f7ploiw: &nbsp; <strong><u>\u008e<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>ntip\u008blvn d&#8217; o\u00e9de\u00dcw k<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>]<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>aux\u00aesetai \u00a4n dor\u00f2w a\u00dexm\u00b0i<\/u><\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong> <strong>&nbsp; <u>[<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u00a4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>ntropalizom\u00a1noi<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>]<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>o \u00dfde\u00ddn s\u008bkow \u008emf&#8217; \u00camoisin:<\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong> &nbsp;&nbsp;[\u008ell\u008c&#8230; &nbsp;]r\u008dw \u00a4xyr\u00c7n st\u008cw diss\u008c tr\u00f1paia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5 &nbsp; [\u00b3geiraw prog\u00f1nvn d&#8217; \u0090]jia dr\u00c7n \u00a6yanon.<\/td><td colspan=\"2\">You see me, the Messenian Meletus [son of&#8230;.], \/ who often went armed into the clash of the spears.\/ None of the enemies will boast \/ of having seen, in heat of the battle, the shield on my shoulder while I was running away,\/ [but&#8230;.] standing firm against the enemy troops, two trophies \/ [I erected; ] I died accomplishing deeds worthy [of the ancestors].<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\"><strong>C) Chairippos: Athens, 287\/6 BC; <\/strong><strong><em>IG<\/em><\/strong><strong> II\u00b2 5227a, <em>GVI <\/em>40<\/strong> <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><u>\u03c4\u03bb<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fc6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ad<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bf\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>, <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03cc<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b8<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ad<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f10<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03af<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ad<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong><strong><u>\u03b8\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ae<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, \u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f30<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03cc<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03af<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f76<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> \u03b3\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>[\u03bd]<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ad<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b1\u03c2\u00b7<\/u><\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9, \u03a7\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c0\u03b5, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03b8\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03b9 <strong>\u03bc<\/strong><strong>[<\/strong><strong>\u03ad<\/strong><strong>]<\/strong><strong>\u03b3\u03b1 \u03ba<\/strong><strong>\u1fe6<\/strong><strong>\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> &nbsp;&nbsp; \u03b5\u1f30\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u1f35\u03c3\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf <strong><u>\u03c3<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fc6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03b1<\/u><\/strong> \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2, \u1f21\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b1 \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9 <strong><u>\u03b4\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03cd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f26<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1<\/u><\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5 &nbsp;&nbsp; [\u1fe5]\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78 <strong><u>\u03c6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03af<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fe6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03b1 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f14<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03af<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\">Young men, endure to plant your feet opposite to the enemy and die. Thus show how you honor your homeland and your parents.And to you, Chairippos, who died, the city at public expenses dedicated a statue, great honor, because under the walls of Mounichia you left your life for your country, saving it from slavery. (Transl. Lattimore) &nbsp;<strong><u>Cf. Tyrtaeus fr. 11 West<\/u><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\">&nbsp; <strong><\/strong><strong>Ammonios, a scribe: Alexandria, El Wardy\u0101n. 2<sup>nd<\/sup>&#8211; 1st BC, Bernand <em>IMEGR<\/em> 64; <em>SEG <\/em>XV 853.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>vv. 9-16: \u03c3\u03bf\u1f76 \u03b4\u1f72 <strong><u>\u03ba\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>[<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b3<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>]<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03b4\u1f72\u03c2<\/u><\/strong> \u1f10\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u00b7 <strong><u>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u1ff4\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b8\u03b1[\u03bd]\u03b5\u03c2, \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f31\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 10 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 <strong><u>\u03b4\u03bf\u03c1\u1f78<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>[<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>] <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f94\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>,<\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><u>\u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u1f70\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u1fb6\u03c2 \u1f04\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5<\/u><\/strong>\u00b7 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03c4\u03bf\u1f54\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u2019 \u1f21\u03c1\u03ce\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f50\u03c7\u1f76 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u2019 \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f36\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;\u1f01\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 &lt;\u03c3&gt;\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03af \u03c4\u03b5 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2&nbsp; 15 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03ba\u03bb\u1fc4\u03b6\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd, \u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f61\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bd \u1f14\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2\u00b7<\/td><td>You died for the salvation of your homeland, standing against the enemies, and you did not fear the clash of the flashing spear, but you lost your breath in the heart of the army. This is why you are honored among the heroes and we do not call you \u201cdead\u201d, but we invoke you like the gods of the Underworld with very pure libations and offerings full of regret, according to the ancient custom of our ancestors.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Celebration of the Hellenistic Kings.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><u>Theocritus as \u201cNew Simonides\u201d for Hiero of Siracuse<\/u><\/strong><strong>: <\/strong><strong><em><u>Id.<\/u><\/em><\/strong><strong><u> 16. <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>42-59<\/u><\/strong>: <strong><u>\u1f04<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9<\/u><\/strong> \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f44\u03bb\u03b2\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2\/ \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03cd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f30\u1ff6\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f14\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf,\/<strong><u>\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f30<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f74<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b8\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fd6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bf\u03b9\u03b4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f78<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f41<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u039a\u03ae\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f30<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\/ <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f10<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f10<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b8<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fc6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u2019 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f40<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>\/<strong><u>\u1f41<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>\u00b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f60\u03ba\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f14\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u1f35\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9,\/ \u03bf\u1f35 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03be \u1f31\u03b5\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f26\u03bb\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd.\/ \u03c4\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f02\u03bd \u1f00\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u1fc6\u03b1\u03c2 \u039b\u03c5\u03ba\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad, \u03c4\u03af\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03c9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2\/ \u03a0\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f22 \u03b8\u1fc6\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u1fb6\u03c2 \u039a\u03cd\u03ba\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f14\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9,\/<strong><u>\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f30<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f74<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f55<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bf\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03af<\/u><\/strong>;\u00a050\/ \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u2019\u1f48\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f11\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f34\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bc\u1fc6\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bb\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c2\/\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u2019\u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u1f08\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u2019\u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c3\u03c7\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03bb\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\/ \u03b6\u03c9\u03cc\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ae\u03bb\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u1f7c\u03bd \u1f40\u03bb\u03bf\u03bf\u1fd6\u03bf \u039a\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2,\/ <strong><u>\u03b4\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f78<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f14<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03bd<\/u><\/strong>, \u1f10\u03c3\u03b9\u03b3\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f02\u03bd \u1f51\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b2\u03cc\u03c2\/ \u0395\u1f54\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u1f76 \u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u2019\u1f00\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2\u00a055\/ \u1f14\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u039b\u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2,\/ <strong><u>\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f30<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03ae<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3\u03c6\u03b5\u03b1\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f64<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f38<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ac\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f78<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bf\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03af<\/u><\/strong>. \/ <strong><u>\u1f18<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u039c\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fb6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f78<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f14<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>,\/ <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f72<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b6\u03ce\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong>\/\u2026 73-5:\u1f14\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u1f74\u03c1 \u1f43\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bc\u03b5\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u2019<strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bf\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fe6<\/u><\/strong>, \/\u1fe5\u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f22 \u1f08\u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f45\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f22 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u1f7a\u03c2 \u0391\u1f34\u03b1\u03c2\/\u1f10\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u1ff3 \u03a3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f45\u03b8\u03b9 \u03a6\u03c1\u03c5\u03b3\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f20\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u1f3c\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><u>Theocritus as \u201cNew Homer\u201d for Ptolemy II, heir of Alexander and Herakles<\/u><\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><strong> <em><u>Id.<\/u><\/em><u> 17<\/u>: <\/strong><strong><u>\u1f25<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c1\u03c9\u03b5\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>, <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f76<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fbd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f21<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f10<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>, <\/u><\/strong>5 <strong><u>\u1fe5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f70<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f14<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1<\/u><\/strong> \u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u1f00\u03bf\u03b9\u03b4\u1ff6\u03bd:\/\u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f10\u03b3\u1f7c \u03a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd <strong><u>\u1f10<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f70<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f30<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fd6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> \/ <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f51<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fbd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>: <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f55<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f72<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f76<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b3\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f50<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1ff6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd<\/u><\/strong>.\/\u2026\u00a0\u1f18\u03ba \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u1f37\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u1f14\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1 \u1f14\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\/\u039b\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f45\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u1f76\u03bd \u1f10\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\/ \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd, \u1f03\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u1f74\u03c1 \u03bf\u1f37\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03bf\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9. 15\/\u03c4\u1fc6\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u1f74\u03c1 \u1f41\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u1f14\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\/ \u1f00\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03af \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u0394\u03b9\u1f78\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f34\u03ba\u1ff3\/ \u03b4\u03ad\u03b4\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u00b7 <strong><u>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f70<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u2019 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f50<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f78<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f08<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f30<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4\u03ce\u03c2\/<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f11<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>, <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03a0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f7a<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b8\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f78<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f30<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>.\/<strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u2019 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f29<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fc6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f15<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf<\/u><\/strong>(20)\/ <strong><u>\u1f35<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fd6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f10<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03be<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>\u00b7\/ \u1f14\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u1f7a\u03bd \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u039f\u1f50\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u1fc3\u03c3\u03b9,\/\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u1f31\u03c9\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u1f31\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd,\/ \u1f45\u03c4\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u039a\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u1fc6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2,\/\u1f00\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f11\u03bf\u1f76 \u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u1ff6\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. 25\/<strong><u>\u1f04<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b3<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f70<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3\u03c6\u03b9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f41<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f78<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f29<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>,\/<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03c6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u2019 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fe6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f10<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f14<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3\u03c7\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f29<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fc6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b1<\/u><\/strong>.\/\u03c4\u1ff7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u1f34\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f24\u03b4\u03b7 \/\u039d\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u00a0\u03b5\u1f50\u03cc\u03b4\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c2 \u03b4\u1ff6\u03bc\u2019 \u1f00\u03bb\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf,\/ \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03bd \u1f14\u03b4\u03c9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u03c9\u03bb\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd 30\/\u03c4\u1ff7 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f44\u03b6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2\u00b7\/\u03bf\u1f33 \u03b4\u2019\u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f2d\u03b2\u03b1\u03c2\/ \u1f45\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f04\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u0394\u03b9\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c5\u1f31\u03cc\u03bd.<strong> <\/strong>\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u>Ptolemy II as a New Apollo against the Galatians: Callimachus <em>Hymn to Delos<\/em>, 162-188<\/u><\/strong><strong>: <\/strong>\u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u1f11 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c1\u03c5\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd \u1f14\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5\u00b7 \u2018\u03bc\u1f74 \u03c3\u03cd \u03b3\u03b5, \u03bc\u1fc6\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1,\/\u03c4\u1fc7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2. \u03bf\u1f54\u03c4\u2019\u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03c9 \/\u03bd\u1fc6\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u1f76 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f54\u03b2\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u1f34 \u03bd\u03cd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u00b7\/\u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bf\u1f31 \u1f10\u03ba \u039c\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f40\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 <strong><u>\u03b8\u03b5\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0(165)\/\u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03af, \u03a3\u03b1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u1f55\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2\u00b7 \u1fa7 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u03bc\u03af\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd \/ \u1f35\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f00\u03ad\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b7\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9\/ \u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03cc\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f33 \u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9,\/\u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f45\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f41\u03c0\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u1f60\u03ba\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f35\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\/ \u1f28\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f41 \u03b4\u2019 \u03b5\u1f34\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f24\u03b8\u03b5\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2. (170)\/\u03ba\u03b1\u03af \u03bd\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 <strong><u>\u03be\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f04\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd \u1f04\u03b5\u03b8\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong> \/<strong><u>\u1f55\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f41\u03c0\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u1f31 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u1f10\u03c6\u2019 \u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \/\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039a\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f0c\u03c1\u03b7\u03b1\/\u1f40\u03c8\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03a4\u03b9\u03c4\u1fc6\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c6\u2019 \u1f11\u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c7\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c9\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \/\u1fe5\u03ce\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f22 \u1f30\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9<\/u><\/strong>(175)<strong><u>\/\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd, \u1f21\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u2019\u1f20\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9<\/u><\/strong>,\/[177a-b]\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03b1 \u039a\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f29\u03c6\u0323\u03b1\u03af\u0323[\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf]\u03b9\u0323\u03bf\u0323 \u03c6\u0323\u03ac\u0323\u03c1\u0323[\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3]\u03b5\u03c2\u00a0(178)\/ \u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9-\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f34\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03af\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\/\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f30\u03b8\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u1fc7, (180)\/\u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u2019\u1f24\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1f70 \u03bd\u03b7\u1f78\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03b1\u03c5\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2\/\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd, \u1f24\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1f70 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\/\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c7\u03b8\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5 \/\u1f00\u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, <strong><u>\u03b1\u1f33 \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u1fc3\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u1f74\u03bd \u1f41\u03b4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f04\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9 \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u1ff3<\/u><\/strong> \/\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u00b7 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f31 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u1f10\u03bc\u03bf\u1f76 \u03b3\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u1f31 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u039d\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u1ff3 (185)\/\u1f10\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f30\u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9\/ \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u1fc6\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03ad\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \/\u1f10\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5 \u03a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b5, \u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a6\u03bf\u03af\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:upper-alpha\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Elegy in praise of a Ptolemaic king: <\/strong><strong><em>SH<\/em><\/strong><strong> 958 <\/strong>[edition and comm.: Barbantani, 2001].<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>[. . . . \u03c0\u03c1]\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9..\u03c0\u03b5[&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [. . . . . . . .].\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u1f24\u03bd\u03c5\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f00\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b7\u03bd. [. . . . . . . . .]. .\u03b7\u03c2, \u1f66\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 . [&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;[. . . . . . . . . . \u1f31]\u03b5\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b7\u03c2 [. . . . . . . . . . \u1f40]\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u1fe5\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c5\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u0323\u03b9\u0323[\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [. . . . . . . \u1f00]\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u1fc6\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf[\u03bd. [. . . . . . ]\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u1f76 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u2019 \u03bf\u1f54\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f14\u03ba\u03bb\u0323[\u03c5] &nbsp;&nbsp;[. . . . . . . . . . ].\u03c1\u1f78\u03bd \u03b4\u2019 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1 \u1f04\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3[\u03bf\u03bd]\u00b7 [. . . . . . . ]\u03c2 <strong><u>\u1f51\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03af<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f04\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03bc\u0323[ &nbsp;&nbsp;[ . . . . . .]\u03bd\u0323 <strong><u>\u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u1f78\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b7\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 10 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd]\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u0323[\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2] &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [. . . . . . ] \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u1f74\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u1f14\u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u0323[\u03b5\u03bd.] [<strong><u>\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f51<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4\u2019<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f14<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03c0]\u03b7\u0323\u03c2 \u039c\u03ae\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f41<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc[\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c2]<\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <u>[\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f36<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ce<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>]\u03c3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fe6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f74<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c1 \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. <\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong> \u039f\u1f50 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c0\u03bf]\u03c1\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03b5\u1f35\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72 \u03bc\u03cd\u0323\u03c1\u0323\u03bf\u0323\u03b9\u0323\u03c3\u0323[\u03b9\u03bd]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 15 &nbsp; &nbsp;[. . . . .]. . \u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u1f78\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf[\u03c2], \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03c7\u03b1]\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f30\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b1 \u1f10\u0323\u03bd\u0323\u03b9\u0323[\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd].<\/td><td>&#8230;in front of the gate and the walls\u2026 you completed these [gloomy] tidings: \u201c\u2026.unpleasant,] o king, from my mouth\u2026 of my speech; \u2026the shoots of the sacred tree; \u2026what remains behind are ears of rough tribolos\u201d \u2026bringing the message to the king. \u2026as soon as he had heard the entire tale, \u2026 immediately raised a\u2026 speech: \u201cImpious and stupid men, but [very soon] [they will pay] the penalty for their impudence. They will learn from experience, because [others, even more courageous], \/ \u2026we reduced to harsh slavery. The impetuous Galatian man does not certainly [follow a way of life similar] to the rich Medes; for he does not recline in purple garments nor does he \u2026. anointing his delicate skin with unguents, \/but rests on the ground and lives in the open [all year round]\u201d.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Praise of an anonymous Ptolemaic geneal: <\/strong><strong><em>SH <\/em><\/strong><strong>969<\/strong> [edition&amp;commentary: S. Barbantani, \u03a6\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, Milano 2001].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>&nbsp;poll\u008bki m\u00a2n per\u00dc se\u00ddo f\u008btiw n[ikhf\u00f1row \u00b7lye &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ga\u00dda`n o. .[.N]e`ilou [. .] a`mb ` . . [ \u00a4sy`l`o`[t\u008b]tvn s\u00e7 brot\u00c7n pr[ot\u00a1rvn kal\u00f2n \u00b3nusaw \u00a6rgon &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong><u>\u0090<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>jion <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u00a4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>n b<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u00e6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>bloi<\/u><\/strong>w<strong><u> d<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u00f1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>jan <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u008e<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>eir<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>[<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u008b<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>meno<\/u><\/strong>w<strong><u><\/u><\/strong> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pr\u00f1<strong><u>s<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>`<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>y<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>`<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>e<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>`<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> g<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u008c<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>r A<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u00de<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>g<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u00e6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>ptvi <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u00f7<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>te.<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> [<\/u><\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5<strong><u><\/u><\/strong> &nbsp;&nbsp;<strong><u>ka\u00dc<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> yras<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u00e7<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>w<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u00a4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>m pol<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u00a1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>moi<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>w<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u00a6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>bre<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>[<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>me Kelt<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u00f2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>w<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u0085<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>Arh<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>w<\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f\u00e8la m\u00a2n `<strong><u>\u0084<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>Ell<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u00ae<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>nvn<\/u><\/strong> \u00a4p\u00dc ke\u00db[nouw \u00b3lasaw \u0090ndraw &nbsp;&nbsp;p\u00a1mpvn e\u00dew &#8216;A\u00dbdhn \u008ent\u00dba [marn\u008bmenow<\/td><td>Often news of your victories came to Egypt (vv. 1-2); with heroic deeds you gained <strong><u>a glory which will<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>remain eternally in books<\/u><\/strong> (vv. 3-4); before, in fact, when [Galatians?] raged threatening Egypt (vv. 5-6), you drove <strong><u>the Greek army<\/u><\/strong> against them, sending them to Hades (vv. 7-8); [then\u2026. you performed other deeds] (against the Seleucids? vv. 9 ss.)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dedication to Zeus Eleutherios of the shield of Cydias, who died at Thermopylae (279 BC); <\/strong><strong><em>FGE<\/em><\/strong><strong> anon. CXL, Paus. 10.21.5<\/strong><strong>.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>\u1f27\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f74 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1\u03bd \u1f14\u03c4\u03b9 \u039a\u03c5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f25\u03b2\u03b7\u03bd &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u1f00\u03c3\u03c0\u1f76\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03ae\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2, \u1f04\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 \u0394\u03b9\u03af, \u1f07\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03b4\u1f74 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u1fc6\u03c7\u03c5\u03bd \u1f14\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03bd, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong><u>\u03b5\u1f56\u03c4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u2019 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f10\u03c0\u1f76<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f24\u03ba\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b8\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f0c\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>.<\/td><td>Here hang I, yearning for the still youthful bloom of Cydias,\/ The shield of a glorious man, an offering to Zeus.\/ I was the very first through which at this battle he thrust his left arm,\/ When the battle raged furiously against the Gaul.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dedication of Galatian <em>spolia <\/em>by Pyrrhus of Epirus, 278 BC: Leonidas, <em>A.P.<\/em> 6.130; Paus.1.13.2; Plut. <em>Pyrrh.<\/em>26:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>\u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f41 \u039c\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03c3\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f38\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b9 \u03b4\u1ff6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u1f08\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u1fb3<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03a0\u03cd\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 <strong><u>\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong> \u1f10\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd <strong>\u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u1fb6\u03bd<\/strong>, \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f08\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u1f7c\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1\u1fe6\u03bc\u03b1:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><u>\u03b1\u1f30\u03c7\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bd\u1fe6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391\u1f30\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9<\/u><\/strong>.<\/td><td>The shields, spoils of the audacious Gauls, did Molossian Pyrrhus hang here as a gift to Itonian Athena, after destroying the whole army of Antigonus.&nbsp; It is no great wonder: now, as before, the sons of Aeacus are warriors.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Homeric imagery recontextualized after Alexander. The \u201cglory of the spear\u201d.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.1. Spearmen in Simonides and the Persian Wars<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong><em>A.P.<\/em><\/strong><strong>7.258<\/strong>: \u039f\u1f35\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u2019 \u0395\u1f50\u03c1\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u2019 \u1f00\u03b3\u03bb\u03b1\u1f78\u03bd \u1f64\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u1f25\u03b2\u03b7\u03bd\/<strong><u>\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u039c\u03ae\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03be\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2\/ \u03b1\u1f30\u03c7\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03af,<\/u><\/strong> \u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f60\u03ba\u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03bd\u03b7\u1ff6\u03bd\u00b7\/\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u2019<strong><u>\u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bd\u1fc6\u03bc\u2019<\/u><\/strong>\u1f14\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03b8\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9. &nbsp;<\/td><td>These men, fighting with the spear on foot and on board swift ships, lost their glorious youth at the Eurymedon, fighting the front rank of Persian archers, but with their death they left behind the noblest monument of their bravery.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>A.P.<\/em><\/strong><strong> 7.442<\/strong>: \u0395\u1f50\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1, \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f45\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2\/ \u03bf\u1f33 \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u1f54\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u1fe5\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03a4\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03b1\u03bd \/ <strong><u>\u03b1\u1f30\u03c7\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>, \u1f35\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c6\u03af\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bc\u1f74 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\/ <strong><u>\u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70\u03c2<\/u><\/strong> \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b8\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 <strong><u>\u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03bd<\/u><\/strong>.<\/td><td>Let us remember those men who never wavered in battle and whose tomb this is: they died as spearmen protecting Tegea rich in sheep, so that \u201cSo that Greece should never strip from the dead heads [the crown of] freedom\u201d. <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>A.P.<\/em><\/strong><strong>7.443<\/strong>: \u03a4\u1ff6\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u2019\u1f10\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c7\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 <strong><u>\u1f40\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>\/ \u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u1fb3 <strong><u>\u03b8\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f0c\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2<\/u><\/strong> \u03c8\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9.\/\u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u1f76 \u03b4\u2019<strong><u>\u1f00\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd<\/u><\/strong> \u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\/ \u1f04\u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u2019 \u1f10\u03bc\u03c8\u03cd\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u1f05\u03b4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ad\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c2.<\/td><td>Furious Ares once bathed long-barbed arrows with bloody drops in the breasts of these men, but this dust conceals a lifeless memorial not of dead spearmen but rather of them when they were alive. <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.2.Ptolemaic officers as spearmen.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"3\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong> <strong>A) Neoptolemos of Tlos: <em>SGO<\/em> IV 17\/11\/02; ed.&amp; comm. S. Barbantani, SCO 53 (2007), 67-138<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">&nbsp; e\u00dem\u00dc Neopt\u00f1lemow Kresso\u00e8, triss\u00c7n d\u2019\u00a4n \u008edelf\u00c7n &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u00a6stasan Tlve\u00ddw, <strong><u>k\u00e8dow<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u00a4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>mo\u00e8 d\u00f1ratow:<\/u><\/strong>&nbsp; o\u00ecneken \u00cfn Pis\u00dbdaw ka\u00dc [Pa\u00dbonaw] \u00b1d\u2019 \u0083Agri\u008dnaw &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ka\u00dc Gal\u008btaw t\u00f1ssouw \u008enti\u008bsaw st\u00f1resa.<\/td><td>&nbsp; I am Neoptolemus son of Kressus; in the temple of the Three Brothers the citizens of Tlos set (me), glory of my spear; for them, so many Pisidians and Paeonians and Agrianians and Galatians I faced and scattered away.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong> <strong>B) Apollonios: Apollonopolis Magna (Edfu), 2<sup>nd<\/sup> BC; Bernand <em>IMEGR<\/em> nr. 5, ll. 3-14<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp; <strong><u>\u03b5\u1f30\u03bc\u1f76 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b5\u1f50\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2 \u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/u><\/strong> <strong>\u2003 <u>\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f43\u03bd \u0395\u1f50\u03ad\u03c1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03af\u03c4\u03c1\u1fb3 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03bb\u03ac\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd,<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cc\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f31\u03b5\u03c1\u1f78\u03bd \u03b3\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>\u00b7 \u03b5\u1f54\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03bd &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5 \u2003 \u03b2\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f34\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b3\u1fb6\u03c2 \u1f04\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f60\u03ba\u03b5\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd. <strong><u>\u03c4\u03bf\u1f54\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1 \u03ba\u1f00\u03bc\u1f72 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03cc\u03c9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/u><\/strong> <strong>\u2003 <u>\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c8\u03b1\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f14\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u2019 \u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2,<\/u><\/strong> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [omissis] \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd <strong><u>\u03b5\u1f54\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>, \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u1f70\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f05\u03bc\u03b1 <strong>\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd <\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u2003 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 <strong><u>\u03b4\u03bf\u03c1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03bc\u1fb3<\/u><\/strong> \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2. [\u2026]<\/td><td colspan=\"2\">&nbsp; I am Apollonios son of the illustrious Ptolemy\/ whom the Euergetai honoured with a diadem,\/ sacred prerogative of the glory of the \u201crelatives\u201d. His goodwill \/ made him proceed inland, and as far as the Ocean.\/ Therefore, looking to the noble glory of my father,\/ I was seized by the desire of attaining the same virtue,\/ [omissis] And I was benevolent, preserving sweet loyalty, and, at the same time\/ <strong><u>surpassing all with my spear and my boldness<\/u><\/strong>.\/ [\u2026].<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong> <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong> <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong> <strong>C) Ptolemy and his son Menodoros, Apollinopolis Magna,<\/strong> <strong>2<sup>nd <\/sup>BC;<\/strong> <strong>Bernand <em>IMEGR<\/em> 4 = <em>GVI<\/em> 1149.1-12.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">&nbsp; \u1f01\u03b3\u03b5\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f41\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5, \u03c4\u1fc6\u03b9\u03b4\u03ad \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9 \u2003 \u03c4\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f00\u03bd\u1f70 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b8\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd, \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b4\u1f70 \u03c4\u03b5 \u039c\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f00\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b2\u1fc6 \u2003 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 <strong>\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u1f7a\u03bd \u03b1\u1f30\u03c7\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u1f74\u03bd<\/strong> \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9, &nbsp; \u03b5\u1f56\u03c4\u2019 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9 <strong>\u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b7\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03b9<\/strong>, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5 \u2003 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03bf \u03c4\u03cc\u03b8\u2019 \u1f01\u03b3\u03b5\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, <strong>\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u1f06\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd \u1f0c\u03c1\u03b7<\/strong>\u00b7 \u03b4\u03ae\u03ca\u03b1 \u03b4\u2019 <strong>\u1f10\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f04\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u1fe6\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u2003 \u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f08\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f60\u03bc\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bb\u03b7\u0390\u03c3\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf. \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u1f70 \u03b4\u2019 <strong>\u1f51\u03c0\u1f72\u03c1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u2003 <strong><u>\u03b3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong> \u1f10\u03bd \u03b1\u1f37 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9 \u03c4\u2019 \u1f10\u03bc \u03c0\u03c1\u03c5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f00\u03c1\u03ae\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f14\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u1fb6\u03c2 \u2003 \u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f36\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2. &nbsp;[&#8230;]<\/td><td>&nbsp; Here, o passer-by, the tomb encloses me, commander Ptolemy:\/ I died in a mighty battle; and there is also my son Menodorus, \/ never trembling in the wars, courageous spearman holding the flag-bearing pole,\/ when against the enemies, with the Macedonian troops \/ of which I was then the commander,\/ I guided the furious Ares;\/ having killed innumerable enemies, while fighting in the front ranks,\/ cruel Hades took both of us.\/ We died after giving glorious gifts for our homeland\/ where previously I was also gymnasiarch,\/ often valiant among the infantry, and when it was time to give advice,\/ I received the praise for my wisdom.\/ [&#8230;]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mercenaries as spearmen<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"3\">A)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Brikkon, Galatian chief: Maronea, 3<sup>rd<\/sup>-2<sup>nd<\/sup> BCE; <em>Moretti <\/em>1975, 115-8, nr.115 &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f08\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03c1\u03af\u03ba\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u1f45\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c4\u1fc7\u03b4\u2019 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u03b3\u03b1\u03af\u1fc3 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f08\u03c0\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03ba \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f26\u03bb\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u2019 \u1f21\u03b3\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03c1 \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 &lt;\u1f10&gt;\u03bd \u03b1\u1f30\u03c7\u03bc\u1fb7 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03b4\u03ac\u03ca\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03bc \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f0c\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u00b7 \u03b5\u1f50\u03c3\u03b5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03bd&nbsp; \u1f35\u03be\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f04\u03c3\u03c4\u03c5, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03b5\u1f34 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f30\u03bd \u1f08\u0390\u03b4\u1fc3 \u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2.<\/td><td>I, Brikkon, son of Ateuristos, under this earth\/ I am resting, coming from my hometown Apamea; \/ I came as a commander of the Galatians and I succumbed in the battle (lett. in the spear)\/ fighting in the first line against hostile Ares. \/ I shall go to the vast city of the Blessed, \/ if also in Hades there is some reward for the mortals.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong> <strong><\/strong><strong>The Thracian Diazelmis, from Bythinian Apamea, buried in Egypt, Terenuthis, 31BCE; <em>GVI <\/em>1153 = <em>IMEGR<\/em> 10<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">&nbsp; \u1f41 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f76\u03bd \u1f10\u03b3\u1f7c \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03b4\u1fc6\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd[\u03cc\u03c0]\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd <strong><u>\u1f44<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1ff6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd<\/u><\/strong> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03c6\u1fe6\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b1\u03ca\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u1ff3 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f00\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03b8\u1f74\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u2019 \u03b1\u1f34\u1fc3, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b8[\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1]\u1f31\u03bc\u03bf\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u1fc6 \u03ba\u0323\u1ff6\u0323[\u03bc]\u03bf\u03bd \u1f18\u03bd\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, <strong><u>\u1f08<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03af<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>[<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>] <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f10<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b3\u03c5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ac<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bb<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u0323[<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>]<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b9\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f26<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>[<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>]<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u0323 [<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bb<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>]<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fc3<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3\u03c4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fc6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bb\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f7c<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd<\/u><\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5 <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3\u03ba<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fe6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bb\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b4\u03bc<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ae<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b9\u03c4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>[<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f14<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>]<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u0323<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f10<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd\u03b4\u03b1\u03c0<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03af<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>,<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03af<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u0391<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f30<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b3<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03cd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03c4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u0323<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u0323[<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>] <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03bb<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u0323<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f74<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u0323<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ae<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03cd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>,<\/u><\/strong> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03af<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b6\u03b1\u03bc<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u0323<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b5\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fc6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u0323<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03af<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u0323<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u0323<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u0323 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f10<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u0323<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u0323<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u0323<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b3\u03ba<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ac<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>\u00b7 [\u2026.] <strong><u>\u03c0<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ac<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b3<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ac<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u2019 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f10<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bb<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03cc<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c7\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f08<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ac<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03b5\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>, <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b3\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fd6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u2019 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f14<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b5\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>\u0391<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f30<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b3<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03cd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b8\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>&lt;<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fd6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>&gt;<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1fb6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c3\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b3\u03b5\u03b3<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1ff6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c6<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03af<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>,<\/u><\/strong> &nbsp; \u0394\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd, \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f66 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b1,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 15 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8220;\u03c7\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c1\u03b5&#8221;, \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2, &#8220;\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c6\u1fc3 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c2&#8221;.<\/td><td>&nbsp; Once, in the clash of the weapons, I was commander of men\/ and with my murderous hand I routed tribes (of enemies), well experienced on the sea and unshaken on the ground, giving orders to the bloodlusting company of Enyalios,\/ when in the valleys of Asia, repelling marauders,\/ <strong>I took the spoils of the locals tamed by my spear<\/strong>.\/ Moving to the glorious fortress of Egypt, mother of ears,\/ I brought to her rulers my strong loyalty.\/ [vv.9-12]\/ The homeland who gave me birth is Apamea, but the land who nurtured me\/ was Egypt: I was dear to everyone,\/I, Diazelmis, honored by the kings; passerby,\/ may you say \u201cI salute you, may the ground be light on you\u201d.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">&nbsp; C)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Antileon of Kaunos, mercenary for the Ptolemies, 3<sup>rd<\/sup>-2<sup>nd<\/sup> BC; <em>SGO<\/em> I 01\/09\/07<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp; [\u00f5 d\u00b0m]ow \u00f5 Kaun\u00dbvn | [\u0083An]ti[l\u00a1on]ta [Me]n\u008bndrou\u00b7 &nbsp;&nbsp;to\u00e7w \u008egayo\u00e7w [\u00eamn]e\u00ddn \u00f4l[\u00dbg]ow p\u00f1now, \u008f d\u00a2 par\u0092 \u008est\u00c7n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tim\u008c kar\u00e6ss[ei pa]n`t`\u00f1s[e] t\u008cw x\u008britaw. &nbsp;&nbsp;\u00f7ssa d&#8217;\u00a6xv la`[l\u00a1ei]n`, [f\u00dbl&#8217;\u00f5m]\u00c7w kal\u008c ka\u00dc f\u00dbla d\u008bmvi, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u008etrek\u00a2w \u00a4g m[ou \u00a6]p`ow pe\u00e6yeo t\u008dsde l\u00dbyou\u00b7 &nbsp;t\u00f2n dor\u00dc p\u00f1ll[a kam\u00f1n]ta ka\u00dc e\u00e9[k]l\u00a1a s\u00e7m basile\u00e8sin 5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bakxi\u008bdaiw p[\u00f1nto]u [k]a\u00dc x`y`o`n\u00f2w \u008fgem\u00f1sin &nbsp;&nbsp;\u0083Antil\u00a1onta l\u00a1gv toi \u00a4pi[k]l\u00a1o[w] u\u00e5a Men\u008bndrou, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u00f6lbiow, e\u00de tos[s]\u00c7`nd`\u0092 \u008e`n`t\u00a1`t`u`x\u0092 e\u00e5w ger\u008bvn\u00b7 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u00f7w d\u00a2 ka\u00dc \u00a4jan\u00e6saw [.]m`n`[. . \u00a7]o xe\u00ddraw \u00a4p&#8217; \u00f6lbou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u00carejen, meg\u008bloiw \u008eyan\u008btoisi f\u00dblow. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10<\/td><td colspan=\"2\">The people of Kaunos to Antileon son of Menander. An easy toil is to celebrate the braves, and, arising from the citizens,\/Fame proclaims everywhere feelings of gratitude for him.\/ What I have to say, equally pleasant and friendly to the people,\/ you will know directly from me, this stone;\/ the one who accomplished many glorious deeds with his spear, together with his kings\/ descendants from Bacchus, lords of sea and land,\/ Antileon, I mean, the son of the glorious Menander. \/Lucky, if he had a share in so many prizes;\/ Although he accomplished so much, [he never] laid his hands on riches,\/ therefore he is a friend of the Great Immortals.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. Epitaphs of citizen-soldiers at war with \u201cbarbarians\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"6\"><strong><\/strong><strong>Menas: Nicaea, Bithynia, ca. 281 BC; <\/strong><strong><em>GVI <\/em><\/strong><strong>1965=<em>SGO<\/em> II 09\/05\/16<\/strong> &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"4\">\u03b5\u1f30 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03b5\u1fe6 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c7\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f44\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2, &nbsp;&nbsp; \u03be\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b5, \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u2019 \u03bf\u1f50\u03c7 \u1f51\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2\u00b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f31\u03c0\u03c0\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b1\u03c2 <strong>\u1f10\u03bd\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd<\/strong> \u1f14\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u1f41\u03c0\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u039a\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u2019 \u1f10\u03bc \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03b9\u00b7 [<strong><u>\u0398]\u03c1\u03ae\u03ca\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u1f7c\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u1f76 \u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f04\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1<\/u><\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; 5 <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <u>[\u03ba]\u03b1\u1f76 \u039c\u03c5\u03c3\u03cc\u03bd<\/u><\/strong>, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u2019 \u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1fb6\u03c2\u00b7 \u03c4\u0323\u1ff6\u03b9 &lt;\u03c4&gt;\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5 \u03b8\u03bf\u1f78\u03bd \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u1f37\u03b1 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0392\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u1f78\u03bd \u039c\u03b7\u03bd\u1fb6\u03bd, \u1f14\u03be\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u1f21\u03b3\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u00b7 [\u03b4]\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03b1 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f30\u1f7c\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7&lt;\u03b5&gt;\u03cd\u03bf\u03b9 &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;[\u03bd]\u03ce\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03b3 \u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 10 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f10\u03bc\u1f72 \u03a6\u03c1\u03c5\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1 \u1fe5\u03bf\u03cc\u03bd, <strong><u>\u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u03af \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><u>\u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u03af \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong> \u03b5\u1f50\u03ba\u03bb\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b1 <strong><u>\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/u>,<\/strong> <strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <u>\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b1\u03ca\u03be\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd<\/u><\/strong>\u00b7 \u0392\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u1f31\u03ad\u03b1 \u039c\u03b7\u03bd\u1fb6\u03bd&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 15 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03b1\u1f30\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5, \u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c6\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd.<\/td><td colspan=\"2\">Even if a long tomb encloses my bones,\/ stranger, I did not fear the mass of the enemies;\/ I, infantry soldier, stood the ground in the first ranks of the cavalry \/ when we fought at Kurupedion; \/ <strong><u>assaulting in arms Thracian and Mysian warriors, \/ I died with great valor<\/u><\/strong>;\/&nbsp; therefore one could praise the swift son of Bioeris, the Bithynian Menas, excellent commander. &nbsp; One should shed funerary tears for the cowards,\/ who received an anonymous death from illness; \/ but I, while I was fighting near the stream of Phrygios, <strong><u>for my homeland<\/u><\/strong> \/ and the venerable parents\/ I, was received by the earth in my full glory, <strong><u>killed in the first ranks<\/u><\/strong>,\/ my chest pierced several times by the enemies.\/ Therefore one should praise me,\/ the Bithynian Menas son of Bioeris, \/ who exchanged his life for&nbsp; bravery.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong> <strong>B) Apollonios: Pantikapaios (Kerch), 1st BCE (in iambic trimeters); <em>GVI<\/em> 1471= <em>CIRB<\/em> 119<\/strong><\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp; \u03a3\u1f7a \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f0d\u03b4\u03b7\u03bd \u1f00\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f14\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u1f7c\u03bd{\u03bd} \u1f00\u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u1fe6\u03bc\u03b1 <strong><u>\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u1fb3 \u03c7\u03b5\u03c1\u03af<\/u><\/strong>, \u1f21 \u03c3\u1f74 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f45\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f00\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03cc\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7. \u03a4\u03b5\u1f78\u03bd \u03b4\u2019 \u1f44\u03bb\u03c9\u03bb\u03b5 \u03ba\u3008\u03ac\u3009\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f14\u03c3\u03b6\u03d0\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7, \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03b3\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u00b7 \u1f41 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd. \u1f08\u03bb\u03bb\u2019 \u03b5\u1f30 \u03c3\u1f72 \u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u1f74\u03c1 \u039c\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03d0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd, \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2<strong><u> \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u1f78\u03bd<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u1f14\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03d0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong> \u03bd\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bc\u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u1f78\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f36\u03ba\u03bf{\u03b9}\u03c2, <strong><u>\u1f21\u03c1\u03ce\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c3\u1f72<\/u><\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 10 <strong><u>\u1f15\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03ba\u03bf\u03af<\/u><\/strong><strong>\u00b7 <\/strong>\u03c3\u03bf\u1f76 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1, \u1f68\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03b5, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bc\u03bd\u1f74 \u03b2\u03ac\u03be\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f26\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7{\u03bd}, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bd\u1fe6\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1{\u03b9} \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2<\/td><td colspan=\"4\">&nbsp; You ran to Hades without funerary lament, and surrendered your vital breath to the winds under the blows of an <strong><u>impetuous hand<\/u><\/strong>, while your wife in tears wailed, struck by unexpected grief. Your beauty perished, your grace vanished, your wisdom gone, all is full of misfortune. You were destroyed even though you alone were a model of virtue. But if the spindle of the Fates has strayed so far as to direct you towards <strong><u>the terrible spear of the barbarians<\/u><\/strong>, no, certainly, it will not be an obscure abode that will welcome you, but <strong><u>the sacred enclosure of heroes<\/u><\/strong>. Long ago, O Apollonius, this destiny was set to you and now that you are dead, full reward is granted to you.<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong> <strong>C) Lysimachos, killed by Scythians (Nomades), <\/strong><strong>Pantikapaios (Kerch)<\/strong><strong>, 1st BC, <\/strong><strong><em>GVI<\/em><\/strong><strong> 843<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">&nbsp; \u039b\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03cd\u03b8\u03bf\u03b9[\u03c3]\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 &nbsp;&nbsp; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03be\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 <strong><u>\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd <\/u><\/strong>\u1f14\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd[\u03b5] <strong><u>\u03b8\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f0c\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>\u00b7 [\u1fa7] \u1f14\u03c0\u03b9 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u1f78\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c7\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4[\u03b9] &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03c1\u1f74\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f21\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b7[\u03bd].<\/td><td colspan=\"3\">&nbsp; Lysimachos, kind with words with all his fellow citizens and the strangers, was killed by the bold Ares of the Nomads. Everyone sobbed pitifully for his death, lamenting the flowering youth of this man. &nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"5\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong> <strong><\/strong><strong>Ariston: <\/strong><strong>Mesambria (Nesebar),1st BC, <\/strong><strong><em>IGBulg<\/em><\/strong><strong> I\u00b2 <\/strong><strong>344<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\">&nbsp; <strong><u>\u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f76\u03bd \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f37\u03c2 \u03ba\u0323[\u20243-4\u2024]\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><u>\u03c0\u03bf[\u03bb]\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03c2 &nbsp;\u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u1f10\u03c7\u03b8\u03bf\u03bc\u0323\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u0392\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u2019 \u1f10\u03b4\u03ac\u03ca\u2019 \u1f08\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong>\u00b7 &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><u>\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u1f70 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f10\u03bd \u1f51\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f14\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>, \u03bd\u1fe6\u03bd \u03b4\u2019 \u1f45\u03ba\u2019 \u1f41 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f26\u03bb\u03b8\u03ad \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f0c\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03bf\u1f50 \u03bb\u03ac\u0323[\u03b8]\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u1ff6\u03bc\u2019 \u1f08\u03c7\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u2019 \u1f04\u03c1\u0323\u03b9\u0323\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u1f40\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c1\u03b1 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u1f00\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 <strong><u>\u03b4\u1fb6\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong> \u1f14\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03bd\u03ad\u03ba\u03c5\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f01\u03bb\u03af\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f10\u03bd \u03b6\u03c9\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 <strong><u>\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03b8\u03bb\u03bf\u03af<\/u><\/strong>, &nbsp;&nbsp; \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03ba\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c6\u03b8\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03b9 \u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 10 <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\">&nbsp; You, who once for your homeland and for those who [\u2026] often killed your adversaries in the front ranks of battles, faced with the ignoble Besses you fought, Ariston. You uttered terrible war cries in the mortal fights. &nbsp;Today the invincible Hades came against you, and it is not towards the abode of Acheronian oblivion that you are heading, but the people have distinguished you with the greatest honors, you who killed your adversaries, they have crowned your corpse. Your fellow noble officers honored you in death as when you were among the living.<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.Hellenistic soldiers as Homeric &nbsp;heroes (Ajax, Achilles, Hektor).<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00d8&nbsp; Generic references to the mortality of heroes:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong><\/strong><strong>Epigonos, <\/strong><strong>Laodikeia on the Lykos, Phrygia, 1<sup>st<\/sup> BC, <\/strong><strong><em>SGO <\/em><\/strong><strong>I 02\/14\/11<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp; \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u1fc6\u03bf\u03bd [\u1f10\u03c3\u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2], &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><u>\u1f00\u03bb\u03bb<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u2019 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bf\u1f57<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4\u1f70\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u2019 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f41<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong>[<\/strong><strong>\u1fd6<\/strong><strong>]<\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong> \u1f18\u03c0\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u1fc6\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1f70 \u03b6\u03c9\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 &nbsp;&nbsp; \u03c3\u03c9\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03b8\u2019 \u03b5\u1f35\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1[\u03c2]\u00b7 \u03bf\u1f54\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f41 \u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a0\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b4\u2019 \u1f1d\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u2019 \u1f08\u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd[\u03c2]&nbsp;&nbsp; 5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u03bf\u1f54\u03b8\u2019 \u1f41 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03bb\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u1f7c\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f39\u03c0\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03b4\u2019 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f10\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b8\u0323\u2019 \u03bf\u1f37\u03bf[\u03c2] \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u2019 \u1f18\u03c0\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0[\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2] &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u1f08\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u1f50\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4[\u03c1]\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f34\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5[\u1fd6]. \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u2019 \u1f41 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u1f18\u03c0\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 <strong><u>\u03bc\u03bd\u1fb6\u03bc\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong>\u03b6\u03c9\u03b9\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1[\u03bc\u03af\u03bc\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9]\u00b7 &nbsp;&nbsp; \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u2019 \u1f08\u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f14\u03c6\u03c5\u0323\u03b3\u0323\u03b5\u03bd\u0323 \u03bc\u0323\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c1[\u03b1\u03bd] \u1f00\u0323\u1f76 \u0398\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 [\u2026.&nbsp;&nbsp; 10<\/td><td>This<strong> <u>monument<\/u> <\/strong>that you see, passerby, is of none other but of Epigonos, <strong><u>whose virtue Time will not corrupt<\/u><\/strong>; he left among the living the preeminence of temperance and divine beauty. Neither Achilles, the one who killed Hektor, son of Priam, nor Hippolytos who avoided his father\u2019s bed, were like Epigonos, son of Andreas, noble son of a father equal to a king. But Epigonos leaves a lasting memory among the living; not even Achilles, son of Thetis, escaped the destiny\u2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Cf.<em>Il.<\/em>18.117-8:<\/strong>\u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72 \u03b2\u03af\u03b7 \u1f29\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u1fc6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5 \u03ba\u1fc6\u03c1\u03b1,\/\u1f45\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5 \u0394\u03b9\u1f76 \u039a\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9 \u1f04\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9; <strong>Soph<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><strong><em>Ajax<\/em><\/strong><strong><em> <\/em><\/strong><strong>714<\/strong>: \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u2019\u1f41 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u00b7; <strong>Simonid. fr.531 <\/strong><strong><em>PMG<\/em><\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> \u1f10\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f54\u03c4\u2019<strong><u>\u03b5\u1f50\u03c1\u1f7c\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>\/<strong><u>\u03bf\u1f54\u03b8<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u2019 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f41<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c1<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f00\u03bc\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>&nbsp; <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ajax and Achilles<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong> <strong><\/strong><strong>The Lycian Osses and Manossas, Choma, 4<sup>th<\/sup>-3<sup>rd<\/sup> BC,<em> SGO<\/em>&nbsp; IV 17\/17\/01<\/strong> <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp; \u1f00\u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b2\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f20\u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b7\u03bd &nbsp;\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u2019 \u1f00\u03c1\u03ae\u03ca\u03b1 \u1f10\u03c6\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1&nbsp; \u1f48\u03c3\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f48\u03c3\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u1f31\u03cc\u03c2 &nbsp;\u1f48\u03c3\u03c3\u1fc3 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af \u039c\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03c3\u1fb3 <strong><u>\u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f30\u03c6\u03b8\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b3\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u03c3\u03ce\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b5\u1f50\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f10\u03c4\u03b5\u03cc\u03bb\u03b2\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f20\u03bd\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c4\u03b5<\/u><\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong>5 <strong><u>\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u1fc3 \u03c4\u03b5 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u0391\u1f34\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9&nbsp; \u1f41\u03bc\u03c9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>, \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76&nbsp; \u03b4\u03bf\u03b9\u1f7c \u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2&nbsp; \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f45\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03cc\u03bc\u1ff3&nbsp; \u1f08\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2&nbsp; \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u1f76 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u1ff3. &nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp; Osses, son of Osabimis, set up the shield, spear, sword and helmet, emblems of war, to be an adornment of the tomb of Osses his grandfather and Manossas his great-grand-father, mighty men of good fame, prudent and brave, of honest wealth, champions equal to Ajax son of Telamon, both fallen in their old age, held by this tomb in the land of the Blessed, in the halls of eternal Hades.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hektor<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong><\/strong><strong>Leukios: Pantikapaion, 1st-2nd AD, <em>GVI<\/em> 1521 = <\/strong><strong><em>CIRB <\/em><\/strong><strong>136<\/strong> &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong> [&#8212;]\u03b5 \u03c5\u1f31\u1f72 \u039b\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, |&nbsp; \u03c7\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c1\u03b5. | &nbsp;[\u03c0\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03cc\u03bd]\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4&lt;\u03b5&gt; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f30\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [\u1f14\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b5 \u03ba]\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u1f70 \u03c3\u1ff6\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u1f78\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd, &nbsp;[\u039b\u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03b9\u03b5, \u03ba]\u03b1\u0323\u1f76 <strong><u>\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2<\/u><\/strong> \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f10\u03ba\u03c7\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 &nbsp;&nbsp; [\u1f14\u03bd]\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 (<em>scil<\/em>. \u1f14\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03b1?) <strong><u>\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03d0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff7 \u03b1\u1f35\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1<\/u><\/strong>. [\u1f67]\u03b4\u2019 \u1f14\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 <strong>\u03b4\u03b7\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03ca<\/strong>\u00b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f41 \u03a4\u03c1\u03bf\u03af\u03b1\u03c2&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5 &nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>\u1f1d<u>\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03c1 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf<\/u><\/strong>.<strong><\/strong><\/td><td>&nbsp; Leukios (?) son of Leukios, greetings. Having found an end to your toils and having reached the end, your soul [left?] the body \u2013her antagonist-, Lukios, and and left deeds worthy of your country and the weapons used against the enemies drenched in barbaric blood. Thus you died, overpowered by the multitude of the enemies: the Trojan Hektor too met his destiny in the first ranks<strong>.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong> <strong>Homeric lexicon: <\/strong>l.4, [\u1f14\u03bd]\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 (here not \u201cbowels\u201d, like in Homer, probably an error for \u1f14\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03b1, weapons; l.5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, l.6 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf reinteprets the Homeric expression \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c0\u1fc3 (he met his destiny, from \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd, \u1f10\u03c6\u03ad\u03c0\u03c9; e.g.<em>Il.<\/em>2.359; 6.412, 15.495, 20.337, 22.39) using the verb&nbsp; \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c9.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong> <strong><\/strong><strong>Anonymous veteran: Bithynia, 2<sup>nd<\/sup> AD, <em>GVI <\/em>689.1-5= <em>TAM<\/em> IV,1 322<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp; \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03a6\u03c1\u03c5\u03b3\u03af\u03b7[\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd, \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5] <strong><u>\u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f4d\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/u><\/strong>, \u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3[\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03ca&nbsp; \u03b6\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u2019 \u1f20\u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76] \u1f00\u03bb\u03ba\u1fc7, <strong><u>\u1f19\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>[<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1<\/u><\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong><u>\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>, <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03ba\u03cd\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u1f30\u03c3<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>]<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd<\/u><\/strong>, \u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1[\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03c7\u03af\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u2019 \u1f10\u03c6\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u2019 \u1f00\u03bb\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd]\u1f78\u03bd \u1f0c\u03c1\u03b7\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd [\u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f10\u03c7\u03b8\u03c1\u1ff7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bc\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f00]\u03bb\u03bb\u2019 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u039c\u03bf\u03af\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5<\/td><td>&nbsp; Emulating the defender of Phrygia, admired by the divine Homer, in beauty and wisdom and courage and strength, I was an Hektorean example for the city, sharing with him a glorious fate. Once, dressed in bronze, I served baneful Ares; I lie here not tamed by the enemy but by the Moira [\u2026.] &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Further bibliography on the individual texts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Silvia Barbantani, \u03a6\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<em>, Frammenti di elegia encomiastica nell&#8217;et\u00e0 delle guerre galatiche<\/em>: <em>Suppl. Hell.<\/em>958, 969, Milano 2001;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8211; <em>The glory of the spear. A powerful symbol in Hellenistic poetry and art. The case of Neoptolemus \u201cof Tlos\u201d (and other Ptolemaic epigrams)<\/em>, SCO 53 (2007), pp. 67-138;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>&#8211; D\u00e9j\u00e0 la pierre pense o\u00f9 votre nom s\u2019inscrit\u201d. Identity in context in verse epitaphs for Hellenistic soldiers<\/em>, in R. Hunter, A. Rengakos, E. Sistakou (eds.),<em> Hellenistic Studies at a Crossroads. Exploring Texts, Contexts and Metatexts<\/em>, Berlin-New York 2014, pp. 305-338;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>&#8211; \u201cSimplify me when I am dead.\u201d War heroes in Hellenistic funerary epigrams<\/em>, AevAnt 16 (2016), pp. 183-239;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8211; \u2018<em>Fui buon poeta e buon soldato\u2019.<\/em> <em>Kleos militare\u00a0e paideia poetica\u00a0negli\u00a0epigrammi epigrafici\u00a0ellenistici<\/em>, Eikasmos 29 (2018), pp. 283-312;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>&#8211; Hellenistic and Roman military epitaphs on stone and on papyrus: questions of authorship and literariness, <\/em>in C. Carey. I. Petrovic M. Kanellou (eds.), <em>Greek Literary Epigram: From the Hellenistic to the Byzantine Era<\/em>, Oxford 2019, pp. 154-175;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>&#8211; Models of virtue, Models of poetry: the quest for <\/em><em>everlasting fame<\/em><em> in Hellenistic epigrammatic poetry<\/em>, in R.A. Faber, (ed.),<em> Celebrity, Fame, and Infamy in the Hellenistic World<\/em>. Toronto 2020, pp. 37-69;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>&#8211; Farewell to arms,Farewell in arms. Depictions of weapons on stone and in Hellenistic inscriptional epigrams<\/em>, Erga\/Logoi 12.1 (2024), pp. 119-147;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>&#8211; Hellenistic military epitaphs in the <\/em>Anthologia Palatina<em>: where do they come from<\/em>?, RCCM 66.1 (2024), pp. 69-83.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TIT\u039b\u039f\u03a3: Hellenistic military epitaphs, between tradition and innovation \u0397 \u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 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